unclean aiding - hammering, pitons, etc.

• clean vs. unclean climbing
• leading aid intro
• piton history
• types of pitons - 1971
• types of pitons - 1999
• placing pitons
• removing pitons
• copperheads
• hammer types, funkness cable cleaning
• hard nailing wedging, pressure, minimum leverage
• stacking
• nailing expanding flakes

Sources

• Basic Rockcraft - Royal Robbins, 1971
• Advanced Rockcraft - Royal Robbins, 1973
• Climbing #186 - Pete Takeda, 1999